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Social Geographic Information System (SGIS)

Social Geographic Information System (SGIS) is a method for local-level data collection and survey work developed by Supras. It integrates traditional survey work methods, extensive use of local people, and use of GIS (and also GPS). The method was developed for use in the World Bank project Technology Fosters Tradition (TFT) that Supras was responsible for implementing. More on SGIS is available here. Read also about GIS.

The literature list was prepared in conjunction with a paper on “Integrating GIS and participatory mapping.” The cited literature is organized also according to topics. Relevant websites are also included. This is work in progress, and comments are appreciated. The paper and the literature list will be made available in the Supras Briefing Notes series.

Literature

  1. Aberley, Doug, ed. 1993. Boundaries of home. Mapping for local empowerment. The new catalyst bioregional series. Gabriola Island, British Colombia, Canada: New Society Publishers.
  2. Agdalipe, Lerio A. and Somsak Boromthanarat. 2005. “Application of PRA integrated GIS: tools to develop management arrangements for the devolution of mangrove management in the municipality of Panay, Capiz, Philippines.” Paper presented at the Map Asia Conference 2003. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 13-15 October 2005. [url]
  3. Agrawal, A. 1995. Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Development and Change 26, 4: 13-39.
  4. Agrawal, A. and G. Clark 1997. Enchantment and disenchantment: The role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development 27, 4.
  5. Aldernderfer, Mark and Herbert D. G. Maschner. 1996. Anthropology, space, and geographic information systems. Spatial information series. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  6. Aswani, Shankar and Matthew Lauer. 2006. Incorporating fishermen’s local knowledge and behavior into geographic information systems (GIS) for designing marine protected areas in Oceania. Human Organization 65, 81-102. [access]
  7. Balachander, T. and D. Venkat Raj. 2006. “Information for decision making: challenges for village communities.” Paper presented at the 11th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the study of Common Property (IASCP), Bali, Indonesia, June 2006. [access]
  8. Balram, Shivanand and Suzana Dragicevic, eds. 2006. Collaborative geographic information systems. London, UK: Idea Group Publishing.
  9. Beatley, Timothy and Kristy Manning. 1997. The ecology of place: planning for environment, economy, and community. Washington DC, USA: Island Press.
  10. Bojórques-Tapia, L. S. Díaz-Mondragón, and E. Excurra. 2001. GIS-based approach for participatory decision making and land suitability assessment. Geographical Information Science 15, no. 2: 121-53.
  11. Borrini-Feyerabend, Grazia, Michel Pimbert, et al. 2004. Sharing power: learning by doing in co-management of natural resources throughout the world. Cenesta, Tehran: IIED and IUCN/CEESP/CMWG. [url]
  12. Buckles, Daniel, eds. 1999. Cultivating peace: conflict and collaboration in natural resource management. Ottawa, Canada and Washington DC, USA: International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and World Bank Institute, World Bank.
  13. Cernea, Michael M. 1990. “Social science knowledge for development interventions.” Development Discussion Paper no. 334, March 1990. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard University.
  14. Cernea, Michael M. 1993. “Culture and organization. The social sustainability of induced development.” World Bank Reprint Series: no. 472. Sustainable Development 1, no. 2, 18-29.
  15. Chapin, Mac and Bill Threlkeld. 2001. Indigenous landscapes. A study in ethno-cartography. Center for the support of native lands. [url]
  16. Child, Brian and Brian Jones. 2006. Practical tools for community conservation in southern Africa. In Participatory Learning and Action 55, 6-12. IIED. [url]
  17. Chuenpagdee, R., J. Fraga, and J. Euán-Avila. 2004. Progressing toward comanagement through participatory research. Society & Natural Resources 17, 147-61.
  18. Clement, Floriane, Jaime M. Amezaga, et al. 2006. “An institutional approach for understanding farmer strategies and land management in northern Vietnam.” Paper presented at the 11th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP), Bali, Indonesia, June 2006. [access]
  19. Close, C. H. and G. B. Hall. 2006. A GIS-based protocol for the collection and use of local knowledge in fisheries management. Journal of Environmental Management 78, no. 4 (March), 341-52.
  20. Cultural Survival. 1995. “Geomatics. Who needs it?” Theme issue. Cultural Survival Quarterly, Winter 1995.
  21. Denniston, Derek. 1994. “Defending the land with maps.” World Watch 7, no. 1 (Jan-Feb 1994), 27-31.
  22. Duncan, S. L. and D. H. Lach. 2006. Privileged knowledge and social change: Effects on different participants of using geographic information systems technology in natural resource management. Environmental Management 38, no. 2 (August), 367-85.
  23. Fairhead, J. 1993. Representing knowledge: The ‘new farmer’ in research fashions. In J. Pottier, ed. Practicing development: Social science perspectives. London, UK and New York, USA: Routledge.
  24. Fairhead, J. and M. Leach 1997. Webs of power and the construction of environmental policy problems: Forest loss in Guinea. In R. Grillo and R. Stirrat, eds. Discourses of development. Berg.
  25. Fox, J. 2002. Insights and applications. Siam mapped and mapping in Cambodia: Boundaries, sovereignty, and indigenous conceptions in space. Society & Natural Resources 15, 65-78.
  26. Goodchild, Michael F. and Donald G. Janelle, eds. 2004. Spatially integrated social science. Spatial information systems. New York, USA: Oxford University Pres.
  27. Gordon, Edmund T., Galio C. Gurdián, et al. 2003. “Rights, resources, and the social memory of struggle: reflections on a study of indigenous and black community land rights on Nicaragua’s Atlantic coast.” Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  28. Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson. 1997a. Anthropological locations: boundaries and grounds of a field science. University of California Press.
  29. Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson. 1997b. Culture, power, place: Explorations in critical anthropology. Duke University Press.
  30. Haag, Fredrik and Stefan Haglund. 2000. “Practical landscape appraisal methodology. An approach towards environmental security.” Research Report no. 10. Linkoping, Sweden: EPOS, Environmental Policy and Society, Linkoping University.
  31. Harrison, C. and M. Haklay. 2002. The potential of public participation geographic information systems in UK environmental planning: Appraisals by active publics. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 45, 841-63.
  32. Hassan, H. M. and C. Hutchinson. 1992. Natural resources and environmental information for decisionmaking. Washington DC, USA: World Bank.
  33. Herlihy, Peter H. 1998. “Participatory zoning and management of the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras.” Paper submitted to the World Bank’s International Conference on CBNRM, January 1998. [url]
  34. Herlihy, Peter H. 2003. Participatory research mapping of indigenous lands in Darién, Panama. Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  35. Herlihy, Peter H. and Gregory Knapp. 2003. Maps of, by, and for the peoples of Latin America. Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter): 303-14. [access]
  36. Hoben, A. 2003. Stories people tell: The cultural construction of environmental policy in Africa. In J. Harris Rethinking sustainability: Power, knowledge and institutions. Ann Arbor, USA: University of Michigan Press.
  37. Hytönen, L., P. Leskinen, and R. Store. 2002. A spatial approach to participatory planning in forestry decision making. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 17, 62-71.
  38. IIED. 2006a. Mapping for change: Practice, technologies and communication. Participatory Learning and Action 54. IIED and CITA. [url]
  39. IIED. 2006b. Practical tools for community conservation in southern Africa. Participatory Learning and Action 55. IIED. [url]
  40. Jankowski, Piotr and Timothy Nyerges. 2001. GIS for group decision making. Research Monographs in Geographic Information Systems. London, UK: Taylor & Francis. [access]
  41. Jefferey, Roger and Bhaskar Vira, eds. 2001. Conflict and cooperation in participatory natural resource management. New York, USA: Palgrave.
  42. Keith, Michael. 1993. Place and the politics of identity. London, UK: Routledge.
  43. Kyem, Peter A. Kwaku. 2001. An application of a choice heuristic algorithm for mapping land resource allocation problems involving multiple parties and conflicting interests. Transactions in GIS 15, issue 2: 111-29.
  44. Kyem, Peter A. Kwaku. 2004. Of intractable conflicts and participatory GIS applications: The search for consensus amidst competing claims and institutional demands. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94, issue 1 (March): 37-57.
  45. Mapedeza, Everisto, Jim A. Wright, and R. Fawcett. 2002. “An investigation of land cover change in Mafungabusi Forest, Zimbabwe, using GIS and participatory mapping.” Paper presented at the conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP), Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 17-21 June 2002. Comment: The conference version is available here. Rev. version publ. in Applied Geography 23, issue 1: 1-21, 2003. [access]
  46. Milton, Kay. 1996. Environmentalism and cultural theory. Exploring the role of anthropology in environmental discourse. London, UK: Routledge.
  47. Mohamed, M. and S. Ventura. 2000. Use of geomatics for mapping and documenting indigenous tenure systems. Society & Natural Resources 13, 223-36.
  48. Momberg, F., K. Atok, and M. Sirait. Drawing on local knowledge: community mapping training manual. Ford Foundation. Comment: Forthcoming.
  49. Monmonier, Mark. 1993. Mapping it out. Expository cartography for the humanities and social sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  50. Offen, Karl H. 2003. Narrating place and identity, or mapping Miskitu land claims in northeastern Nicaragua. Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  51. Omolo, E. O., J. W. Ssennyonga, et al. 1995. Community mapping exercises: an evaluation. Network Paper 52. ODI, Agricultural Administration (Research and Extension) Network. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute.
  52. Parker, J. Kathy, Michael C. Saunders, et al. 2001. “NetWeaver(TM) and GeoNetWeaver(TM): Decision support tools for sustainable development.” Georgetown, Delaware, USA: The Heron Group, LLC. [url] [access]
  53. Pickles, John, ed. 1995. Ground truth. The social implications of geographic information systems. New York, USA: The Guilford Press.
  54. Poole, Peter. 1995a. Indigenous peoples, mapping and biodiversity conservation: An analysis of current activities and opportunities for applying geomatics technologies. Discussion Paper Series. Washington DC, USA: Biodiversity Support Program (BSP), Peoples and Forest Program. Comment: BSP is a USAID-funded consortium of World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy and World Resources Institute. [access]
  55. Poole, Peter. 1995b. Land-based communities, geomatics, and biodiversity conservation: A survey of current activities. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18, 4: 74-76.
  56. Rambaldi, Giacomo and Jasmin Callosa-Tarr. 2000. Manual on participatory 3-D modeling for natural resource management. Quezon City, Philippines: National Integrated Protected Areas Programme (NIPAP). [url]
  57. Rambaldi, Giacomo and Jasmin Callosa-Tarr. 2001. “Participatory 3-dimensional modeling: Bridging the gap between communities and GIS technology.” Paper presented at the International Workshop on “Participatory development and local knowledge for sustainable land use in Southeast Asia,“ Chiang Mai, Thailand, 6-7 June 2001. [access]
  58. Rambaldi, Giacomo and Jasmin Callosa-Tarr. 2002. Participatory 3-dimensional modeling: Guiding principles and applications. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. [url]
  59. Rambaldi, Giacomo, Mike McCall, et al. 2004. “Participatory GIS.” [url]
  60. Reid, Walter V., Fikret Berkes, et al., eds. 2006. Bridging scales and knowledge systems. Concepts and applications in ecosystem assessment. Washington DC, USA: Island Press. Comment: A contribution to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
  61. Robiglio, Valentina and William A. Mala. 2005. Integrating local and expert knowledge using participatory mapping and GIS to implement integrated forest management options in Akok, Cameroon. Forest Chronicle 81, 392-97.
  62. Robiglio, Valentina, William A. Mala, and M. Chimere Diaw. 2003. Mapping landscapes: Integrating GIS and social science methods to model human-nature relationships in southern Cameroon. Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy 2, 2: 171-84. [access]
  63. Rocheleau, D., B. Thomas-Slayter, and D. Edmunds. 1995. Gendered resource mapping: Focusing on women’s spaces in the landscape. Cultural Survival Quarterly 18, no. 4: 62-68.
  64. Roth, Robin. 2004. Conceptual consistency to conceptual clarity: the situating of concepts and terms for analytical strength. Common Property Resource Digest no. 68, 9-10.
  65. Smith, Derek A. 2003. “Participatory mapping of community lands and hunting yields among the Buglé in Western Panama.” Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  66. Smith, Richard C., Margarita Benavides, et al. 2003. Mapping in the past and the future: geomatics and indigenous territories in the Peruvian Amazon. Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  67. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2001. “Development cooperation and knowledge management.” Comment: Available in Norwegian (title: “Bistandsarbeide og kunnskapsforvaltning”), prepared March 2001, not published. [access]
  68. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2001. Community-based natural resource management: knowledge management and knowledge sharing in the age of globalization. CBNRM Net Papers no. 1 (August 2001). [url] [access]
  69. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2001. Aligning needs and means. On culture, ICT and knowledge in development cooperation. CBNRM Net Papers no. 2 (August 2001). Comment: Paper presented at the 24th Information System Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS24), Ulvik, Hardanger, Norway, 11-14 August 2001. [url] [access]
  70. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2002.“CBNRM Net: knowledge management and networking for the global CBNRM community of practice.” CBNRM Net Papers no. 3 (June 2002). Comment: Rev. version of paper presented at the 9th biennial conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP), Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 17-21 June 2002. Comment: Part of the panel “Transcending barriers: the role of networks in natural resource management” (see below). [url] [access]
  71. Soeftestad, Lars T. and June Jacobsen Steen. 2002. “ICT and communication. A network model and an exploratory application to the HIV/AIDS sector in Botswana.” Paper presented at the conference “Developing countries and the network revolution: Leapfrogging or marginalization,” organized by the Norwegian Association for Development Research & the Norwegian Network on ICT and Development, Trondheim, Norway, 14-15 November 2002. [access]
  72. Soeftestad, Lars T. and Maung K. Sein. 2003. ICT and development: east is east and west is west and the twain may yet meet. With Maung K. Sein. In: S. Krishna and S. Madon, eds. The digital challenge: Information technology in the development context, 63-82. Hampshire, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Limited. [access]
  73. Soeftestad, Lars T., Koffi O. Alinon, and Daniela Diz, et al. 2004. Language, culture and communication in development cooperation. On the role of ICTs in networking online communities of practice. CBNRM Net Papers no. 6 (March 2004). [url] [access]
  74. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2004. “Knowledges and legal reform in the Sahel: linking traditional and modern natural resource management legal regimes horizontally and vertically through use of ICTs.” Paper presented at the conference “Bridging scales and epistemologies: linking local knowledge with global science in multi-scale assessments,” organized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), Bibliotheca Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt, 17-20 March 2004. [access]
  75. Soeftestad, Lars T. and Prakash Kashwan. 2004. CBNRM Net: from managing natural resources to managing ecosystems, knowledge and people. In: Arno Scharl, ed., Environmental online communication, 235-50. Series: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. London, United Kingdom: Springer. [url] [access]
  76. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2004. Biodiversity conservation, communication and language: Is English a solution, a problem or both? Policy Matters no. 13, November 2004, 281-83. Comment: Special issue for the World Conservation Congress, publ. by CEESP, IUCN. [url]
  77. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2004. Coastal and marine resources in the Caribbean: local co-management and regional knowledge management. CBNRM Net Papers no. 4 (November 2004). Comment: Rev. version of a paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI), Tortola, British Virgin Islands, 10-14 November 2003. [url] [access: paper|presentation]
  78. Soeftestad, Lars T. 2006. Knowledge management and natural resources in Africa: Perspectives from two networks. With Anna van der Hejden and Tony Pryor. Knowledge Management for Development Journal (KM4D Journal) 2, no. 1 (May 2006), 103-115. [url]
  79. Sovisky, Basil and Thomas E. Lacher, eds. 1998. GIS methodologies for developing conservation strategies. New York, USA: Colombia University Press.
  80. Spier, Robert F. G. 1970. Surveying and mapping: A manual of simplified techniques. New York, USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
  81. Steede-Terry, Karen. 2000. Integrating GIS and the global positioning system. USA: ESRI.
  82. Stocks, Anthony. 2003. Mapping dreams in Nicaragua’s Bosawas reserve. Human Organization 62, no. 4 (Winter). [url]
  83. Tobias, Terry. 2005. Chief Kerry’s moose. A guidebook to land use and occupancy mapping, research design and data collection. Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs and Ecotrust Canada. [url]
  84. NCGIA Varenius Initiative. n.d. “Social implications of how people, space, and environment are represented in GIS.” Comment: Project, initiated in 1996. [url]
  85. World Bank. 1993a. Geographic information systems for environmental assessment and review. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update no. 3. Washington DC, USA: Environment Dept., World Bank. [access]
  86. World Bank. 1993b. Public involvement in environmental assessment: Requirements, opportunities and issues. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update no. 5. Washington DC, USA: Environment Dept., World Bank. [access]
  87. World Bank. 1995a. “Sharing information, building collaboration, and enabling innovation. The business value of geographic information systems/data/process.” 14 December 1995. Washington DC, Unites States: Bank-wide GIS Task Force, World Bank.
  88. World Bank. 1995b. Implementing geographic information systems in environmental assessment. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update no. 9. Washington DC, USA: Environment Dept., World Bank. [access]
  89. World Bank. 2002. Wetlands and environmental assessment. Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Update no. 28. Washington DC, USA: Environment Dept., World Bank.
  90. Worsley, Peter. 1997. Knowledges. What different people make of the world. London, UK: Profile Books.

Websites

  1. The Aboriginal Mapping Network. [url]
  2. African Conservation Centre (ACC). A regionally focused conservation organization based in Nairobi, Kenya dedicated to the conservation of biological resources. [url]
  3. Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS). Comment: Contains spatial resources for the social sciences. Courtesy National Science Foundation in the USA. [url
  4. Corona satellites – Background. Comment: source is Wikipedia. [url]
  5. Corona satellites – Overview and image search. Comment: US Geological Survey. [url]
  6. Environmental Trends Analysis (ETA). Comment: Part of USAID’s FRAME project, managed by International Resources Group (IRG), now closed. [url]
  7. Environmental Trends Analysis (ETA) Core Group. Comment: Part of USAID’s FRAME project, managed by International Resources Group (IRG), now closed. [url]
  8. Natural resource management. Comment: On the “GIS Development” portal. [url]
  9. Geospatial analysis. [url]
  10. Imbrikania Group Ranch, Kenya. Comment: Here, on the border of the Amboseli National Park, GIS has been used in innovative ways, incl. mapping of land use options. [url]
  11. Map Asia. Comment: An annual conference on GIS and applications, organized since 2002. [url]
  12. “Mapping for change.” International conference of Spatial information, management and communication, Nairobi, Kenya, 7-10 September 2005. [url]
  13. Participatory avenues. Comment: Courtesy Integrated Approaches to Participatory Development (IAPAD). [url]
  14. Participatory learning and action (PLA). Comment: PLA is here understood as an umbrella term for a number similar approaches and methodologies, including Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Participatory Learning Methods (PALM), Participatory Action Research (PAR), Farming Systems Research (PSR), and Method Active de Recherche et de Planification Participative (MARP). Website appears courtesy IIED. [url]
  15. Participatory mapping toolbox. Comment: Courtesy IAPAD. [url]
  16. PPgis.net - Open forum on participatory geographic information systems and technologies. Comment: A forum related to community mapping, participatory mapping, counter mapping, Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), Participatory GIS (PGIS or P-GIS), Community integrated GIS (CiGIS), Mobile Interactive GIS (MiGIS), and other geo-spatial information technologies and systems used in participatory settings to support integrated conservation and development, sustainable NRM, and customary property rights. [url]
  17. STELLA. Comment: This is a systems dynamic modeling tool. [url]
  18. Technology Fosters Tradition (TFT). Comment: Supras has been implementing this World Bank project in southeastern Mauritania since 2004. The experiences with TFT led to Supras’ focus on Social GIS. [url]
  19. Wildlife Integration for Livelihood Diversification (WILD) Project. Comment: Windhoek, Namibia: Ministry of Environment and Tourism. [url]
  20. Wollenberg, Lini. 1999. “Report of workshop ‘Building an agenda together.’ (Bangun rencana bersama) and mapping training (pelatihan penganalan pemataan).” Long Loreh, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 20-24 November 1999. CIFOR. Comment: Report prepared December 1999. [url]
  21. World Bank. n.d. “PRSP Sourcebook.” Comment: This is the World Bank’s online handbook on Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSP). It addresses core techniques, cross-cutting issues, marco- and structural issues, rural and urban poverty, human development, and private sector and infrastructure. Note that natural resource management is not focused upon as such, but rather in the context of cross-cutting issues, including community-driven development and participation. [url]
  22. World Conservation Monitoring Centre. [url]

Other media

  1. IIED. 2007. Participatory mapping for change. CD-ROM. Participatory Learning and Action 54. IEED and CTA. (forthcoming) Comment: This is a CD-ROM. Cf. "Mapping for change: practice, technologies and communication", Participatory learning and action 54. [url]
  2. Video reportage on the Mapping for change 2005 conference. Comment: This is a video. Cf. “Mapping for Change” (2005). [url]

Topics

Analysis and theory (anthropology, social science)

Aldenderfer and Maschner (1996); Balachander and Raj (2006); Cernea (1990, 1993); Clement and Amezaga et al (2006); CSISS (website); Goodchild and Janelle (2004); Gordon and Gurdián (2003); Gupta and Ferguson (1997a, 1997b); Herlihy (2003); Herlihy and Knapp (2003); Mapping for change (website); Mcelhenney (1999); Milton (1996); Offen (2003); Participatory avenues (website); Reid and Berkes et al (2006); Roth (2004); Smith (2003); Smith and Benavides et al (2003); Stocks (2003)
Comment: Also other websites listed above are relevant.

Conflicts and conflict management

Buckles (1999); Kyem (2003)

General (tools and techniques)

Agdalipe and Boromthanarat (2005); Aberley (1993); Balram and Dragicevic (2006); Borrini-Feyerabend and Pimbert et al (2004); Chapin and Threlkeld (2001); Child and Jones (2006); Cultural Survival (1995); Denniston (1994); Haag and Haglund (2000); Hassan and Hutchinson (1992); IIED (2006a, 2006b); Jankowski and Nyerges (2001); Jefferey and Vira (2001); Keith (1993); Momberg and Sirait (forthcoming); Monmonier (1993); Omolo and Ssennyonga et al (1995); Parker and Saunders et al (2001); Poole (1995a, 1995b); Rambaldi and Callosa-Tarr (2000, 2002); Rambaldi and McCall et al (2004); Robiglio; Mala and Diaw (2003); Sovisky and Lacher (1998); Spier (1970); Steede-Terry 2000); Tobias (2005); NCGIA Varenius Initiative (n.d.); World Bank (1993a, 1993b, 1995a, 1995b, 2002)

Knowledge, incl. forms of knowledge and knowledge management

Agrawal (1995); Agrawal and Clark (1997); Fairhead (1993); Fairhead and Leach (1997); Hoben (2993); Worsley (1997)

Methodology and approaches (General?)

Aswani and Lauer (2006); Close and Hall (2006); Mapedeza, Wright and Fawcett (2002); Robiglio and Mala (2005); Rocheleau; Thomas-Slayter and Edmunds (1995)

Participatory mapping

Gordon and Gurdián et al (2003); Herlihy (2003); Herlihy and Knapp (2003); IEED (2007); Offen (2003); Smith (2003), Smith and Benavides et al (2003); Stocks (2003); Wollenberg (1999)

Planning

Beatley and Manning (1997)